Moire fringe topography
set up
Abstracts of Conference Papers (1990-1999)
Abstracts of Conference Papers
(1970-1979)
(1980-1989)
(2000-2009)
1998
1997 1996 1995 1993 1992 1991 1990
C46: 3-D-Optical
Imaging and Image Processing
(Biomedical Applications)
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, Proceedings
of the International Workshop
on Recent Advances in Computer Vision, Edited by
Laghari JR, Naqvi AA, Rajput AQ, Sangi NA, Shah MA, SZABIST, Karachi, Pakistan,
1998, pp 86-95
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This paper covered biomedical applications of 3-D optical imaging techniques -
moiré fringe topography and rasterstereography - in the studies of posture and
gait of children. Techniques were developed to project simultaneously moiré and
raster grids and analyze the height and the curvature information, separately,
using selective optical filtering for applications in gait analysis. 3-D static
and dynamic models of the human
spinal column were developed capable to display movements during the four
phases of gait cycle, linking each phase with the subsequent one through
edge-based algorithm. Edge-based algorithm, combined with
moiré contours, allowed study of motion in the sagittal plane. 3-D structure of
macromolecules significant in biology may be studied by making their metallic
replica and applying these techniques. Preliminary work was
done on the flagella of salmonella typhus at the Albert Einstein College of
Medicine (New York). Paper
PDF
C45: Planetary-Orbit
Modeling Based on Astrodynamical Coördinates
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, the
Pakistan Institute of Physics International Conference, Lahore, Pakistan,
1997, pp 28-29
(poster presentation)
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The planetary orbits are, in general, the elliptical orbits with sun at one of
the foci. The problem is, traditionally, formulated using the plane-polar
coördinates, not a natural choice for such type of trajectories. The orbital
equation of motion was formulated using the elliptic-astrodynamical-coördinate
mesh, evolved from the elliptic-cylindrical coördinates. Kepler’s equation was
shown to be a particular solution of this equation. This formulation generated 3
(instead of the customary 2) constants of motion. Paper
PDF
C44: The Sixth Paradigm of Physics: Mathematical Formulation
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA,
Siddiqui KA, the Pakistan Institute of Physics International Conference,
Lahore, Pakistan, 1997,
p 11
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Science is an intellectual activity that extends the process of consciousness
to the most abstract and the most fundamental levels. The existing five
paradigms have changed the fundamental concepts physicists have about the
relationship of space, time and matter. In order to interpret the data and
develop satisfactory theories to explain them, a sixth paradigm of physics
needs to be introduced. This paper suggests the mathematical
structure of this new paradigm. Paper
PDF
C43: Physics of Screening Procedures to Detect Trunk Deformities
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, Naseeruddin, Waseem M, the
Aga Khan University Third Annual Symposium: Impact of Research on Health,
Education and Community Development, Karachi, Pakistan, 1996, abstract#
P-19, p 115 (poster presentation)
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An Integrated Trunk Deformities Screening System was described, which would
involve multiple-level screening
of school-going children. The checks located at the top level were designed to
be highly sensitive and could be performed in a semi-private setting. The
checks located at the bottom level were chosen to be highly specific. These
involve moiré fringe topography of back in the anatomical position, footprint
molds in the anatomical position and shoe soles as well as footprint analysis
during walking on sand. These were compared with the standard forward-bending
test. The goal was to minimize X-ray exposure to children while identifying at
risk children for the orthopedic referral.
C42: 3-D-Dynamic Modeling of the Human Spinal Column
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, the Twenty-First
International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs,
Nathiagali, NWFP, Pakistan, 1996 (poster presentation)
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This model, a generalization of 3-D static model developed earlier, included
movement of the human spinal
column during a gait cycle. The human spinal column in three dimensions was
generated from moiré topographs of back in the anatomical position as well as
during the first, the second, the third and the fourth phases of gait cycle.
Spinal column in the anatomical position was subsequently linked to position
during the first phase of gait cycle through the edge-based algorithm. Similarly,
position in the second phase was linked to the first phase through the
edge-based algorithm and so on. Apart from the medical sciences where this
model could be utilized in the study of the human gait one may apply this model
in space medicine where physiology of the human spine could be studied in
subdued gravity, e. g., during prolonged stay in space stations.
1995
C41:
Computer-Based Analysis of Human Gait using Moiré Fringe Topography
Work done at: THE SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
University Road, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
Yosufzai
MAK, Kamal SA, Zubairi JA, Proceedings
of the Second International Workshop on Computer Vision
and Parallel Processing, Edited by Khan GN, Naqvi AA, Shah MA, Quaid-é-Azam
University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1995, pp 60-71
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In this communication moiré technique was employed to analyze the human gait in
four phases of the steps for healthy-school-going children of ages 3-8 years.
The patterns generated indicated the spinal deformities and
their relative difference. It, also, imparted clinically-relevant information,
which offered diagnostic clues to the orthopedic surgeons, without facing
difficulty to interpret the results. Paper
PDF
1993
C40: A Mathematical Model of Electrical and Magnetic Activities of
the Human Brain
Work done at: UNIVERSITY
OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal
SA, the
Eleventh Multi-Topic International Symposium of IEEP (Institution of Electrical
Engineers, Pakis-tan), Karachi, Pakistan, 1993
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Working of the brain presents one of the most challenging problems of
neurosciences. It is an extremely complex structure containing something of the
order of 1010 – 1012 nerve cells with perhaps 1015
interconnections. The neuron-synaptic system was modeled as a system of
driven-harmonic oscillators. The variation of electric and magnetic potentials
in the dendritic trees was studied. First-order corrections to EEG in the
presence of weak electric, magnetic and gravitational fields were estimated. Paper
PDF
1992
C39: Modeling of the
Heart Function
Work done
at: UNIVERSITY
OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA,
Siddiqui KA, Proceedings of Symposium on
Trends in Physics, Edited by Siddiqui KA, University of Karachi, Karachi,
Pakistan, 1992, pp 107-112
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Acoustic properties of heart were modeled by applying the concepts of wave
theory. Heart was considered as a system of standing waves. The nature and the
origin of various frequencies were investigated. Experimental suggestions were,
briefly, mentioned. Paper
PDF
C38: Modeling of Heart Function
Work done
at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, the Seventeenth
International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs,
Nathia-gali, NWFP, Pakistan, 1992, pp 22-23
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Wave-theory concepts were applied to develop a model of acoustic properties of
the human heart. Theoretical predictions were compared with data obtained from
normal children. Heart sounds were recorded and subsequently converted into
electrical signals. These signals were Fourier analyzed to determine the
amplitudes and the frequencies of various harmonics.
C37: Electrodynamics of the Brain
Work done
at: UNIVERSITY
OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Siddiqui KA, Kamal
SA, the Seventeenth International Nathiagali Summer College on
Physics and Contemporary Needs, Nathiagali, NWFP, Pakistan, 1992 (poster
presentation)
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Global-electrocortical activity of the human brain was modeled as a system of
damped-coupled-harmonic oscillators. The equations were written in a covariant
form using tensorial notations. Generalized coupling dependent on both the
electrical potentials and their rates of change was introduced in the covariant
model. Perturbation effects and physiological implications were discussed. Paper
PDF
1991
C36: Role of Moiré
Fringe Topography in the Skeletal Examination of School Athlete
Work done at: THE ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, Bronx,
New York 10461, USA
Akram M, Kamal SA, International
Congress and Exposition on Sports Medicine and Human Performance,
Vancouver, Canada, 1991 (poster presentation) — corresponding author
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Skeletal examination of school athlete is a significant part of the general
physical examination because it may uncover many underlying problems, which
could effect the performance in athletics and sports. For example, in pubertal
children an undetected curvature of spinal column may lead to a deformity
effecting cosmetic appearance. The early detection of scoliosis, kyphosis and
lordosis, therefore, is a major concern of school health services. In addition,
the basic goal of an athletic program should be to develop better body image of
an athlete. Studies of posture and gait of athletes are, therefore, of interest
to researchers in sports medicine. Moiré fringe topography is a
stereophotogrammetric technique, which provides a three-dimensional map of the
object (or subject) under study. This paper described the applications of moiré
techniques in the study of posture and gait of children as well as detection
and documentation of curvatures of spinal column.
1990
C35: Neurophysics: A Beginner’s Viewpoint
Work done
at: UNIVERSITY
OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Siddiqui KA, Kamal
SA, Khan NU, Proceedings of the Second National Symposium
on Frontiers in Physics (the
Quaid-é-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1988), Edited by
Murtaza G, Baig MA, 1990, pp 285-305
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Brain is a complex system and the brain theory is developing into a central
focus among many disciplines. The function of brain has long been prominent
among topics of fundamental interest to biologists and physicists, alike. After
an introduction of brain and the physics involved, a spacetime representation
of global electrocortical activity was given. The concept of analyzing EEG
signals by mathematical modeling was, also, touched upon. Paper
PDF
C34: Reproducibility of Moiré
Topographs
Work done
at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, in Surface Topography and Body Deformity
(Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium, Vienna, Austria, 1988),
Edited by Neugebauer H, Windischbauer G, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and
New York, 1990, pp 151-153
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This paper examined the issues regarding the reproducibility of moiré
topographs and outlined the need for an objective criterion of reproducibility.
A criterion was proposed to obtain reproducible moiré pictures. An experiment
was designed to test this criterion. Paper
PDF
C33: A Comparison of Back Moiré
Topographs of Children in Sitting and Standing Positions
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, Bukhari N, Akram M,
in Surface Topography and Body Deformity
(Proceedings of the Fifth Interna-tional Symposium, Vienna, Austria, 1988), Edited by Neugebauer H, Windischbauer
G, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and New York, 1990, pp 77-78
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This was the report on a study being conducted to compare the moiré topographs
of children in the sitting and the standing positions to determine if there was
a significant difference in the two positions. Paper
PDF
C32: A Comparison of Side Moiré Topographs of Children in Standing,
Sitting and Bending Positions
Work done
at: UNIVERSITY
OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, Bukhari
N, Akram M, in Surface Topography and
Body Deformity (Proceedings of the Fifth Interna-tional Symposium, Vienna, Austria, 1988), Edited by
Neugebauer H, Windischbauer G, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and New York,
1990, pp 79-80
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Moiré topography is being increasingly used in the study of scoliosis. For a
child suffering from scoliosis moiré topographs on the two halves of the back
are not similar. Since scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spinal column it
should, also, effect moiré topograph of the side. The effect is expected to be
more prominent when the child is examined in the forward-bending position. This
paper reported an ongoing study, which included side moiré topographs of 100
normal, healthy 8-10-year old boys studying in a local school in Hyderabad,
Sindh.
Paper PDF
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