Abstracts of
Conference Papers
(2000-2009)
Abstracts of Conference Papers
(1970-1979) (1980-1989) (1990-1999)
2009 2008 2006
2005 2004 2003 2002
2009
C75: Avoiding Infinities
from the
Lorentz and the Poincaré
Transformations
Work done
at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, UniversityRoad, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, the Fourth Symposium on
Computational Complexities, Innovations
and Solutions, COMSATS Institute
of
Information Technology, Abbotabad,
NWFP, Pakistan, 2009, p 16 (invited
paper) —
nominated by Vice Chancellor, University of Karachi
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From the historical
point-of-view, this paper gave history of conceptual development of relativity
as well as mathematical formulation of Lorentz transformations. Contrary to the
popular belief, giving credit of all contributions in special relativity to
Albert Einstein, the paper put into perspective the fundamental conceptual
contributions of Muslim scientists, e. g., space and time, relative and
absolute, long before, Einstein presented his theory. One year before the
publication of Einstein’s paper, Poincaré (1904) enunciated the principle of
relativity. Also, complete mathematical framework was available through works
of Voigt (1887) and Lorentz (1904). In his paper, ‘Zur Electrodynamik bewegter
Korper’ (On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies), published in 1905, Albert
Einstein combined these existing conceptual and mathematical formulations into
an integrated and a unified approach, without giving reference to these
contributions. Herman Minkowski formulated the relativity theory in terms of a
four-dimensional-vector-field formulation. On the technical side, the paper
focused on the infinities appearing in the Lorentz and the Poincaré
transformations of energy and momentum, which caused problems in the
formulation of field theories. An attempt was made to avoid these infinities by
scaling of coördinates. A practical example was given by applying these
scaled-Lorentz transformations to obtain expression of Ohm’s law for
relativistically-streaming plasmas containing dyons (particles possessing both
the electric and the magnetic charges). This result may find applicability in
computational fluid dynamics. Abstract PDF
Paper PDF
C74: Gauss’ Law: Choice of the Gaussian Surface and Form of the Electric-Field Vector
Work done
at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, Workshop on Physics, Government College, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan,
2009
(invited paper)
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Gauss’ law is one of the fundamental laws of electromagnetism, which is, primarily, used to determine the electric-field vector, if the system possesses certain symmetries. This is possible, provided a proper gaussian surface is selected, according to the following criteria:
|
a) |
Field point (where the electric-field vector
needs to be determined) must lie on the gaussian surface. |
|
b) |
It should be a closed surface (well-defined
interior and exterior). |
|
c) |
It could be a real (coinciding with a physical
boundary) or an imaginary surface. |
|
d) |
It should be chosen considering symmetries of the
system, as suggested by strong
Noether’s theorem. |
|
e) |
Direction
of the electric-field vector should either be tangential or normal to any
chosen section of surface. |
|
f) |
Magnitude
of the electric-field vector should be constant throughout each section of
surface, allowing one to take it outside the integral. |
Examples were worked out for computing electric fields
generated by (i) an infinite plane charge sheet, with constant
surface-charge density and (ii) an infinite line charge, with constant
line-charge density, with special emphasis to determine the form of
electric-field vector. Similarities and differences of electricity and magnetism
as well as electricity and gravitation were highlighted. An expression of
Gauss’ law for gravitation was presented and illustrated with computation of
gravitational field inside and outside earth. In the context of Ampéré
circuital law, line integral of magnetic flux density is to be computed along a
closed curve. Criteria for choosing this curve, to most efficiently determine
the magnetic field, were, also, be mentioned. Abstract PDF Paper PDF
C73: The Integrated Educational System: A Pre-University
Educational System for the Third Millennium
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, the
Sindh Educational Conference, the Jamia Millia Government College of
Education, Karachi, Pakistan, 2009 (keynote lecture)
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“The Integrated Educational System” was described, which aimed to cultivate habits of
creative thinking and critical analysis by providing
highly-motivated students sufficient depth as well as adequate breadth of the
core and the related subjects so that they could make informed, independent
decisions under stressful situations. The curriculum integrates various aspects of curriculum development (why to teach –
philosophy; what to teach – contents; how to teach – pedagogical techniques) in
such way that the student is educated to become a manager of resources
of the universe (not a thief) and should know relationship with Allah,
self and environment What to learn is the main factor in TRAINING. A
trained person “knows” the techniques, which can be repeated under standard
situations. How to learn is the essence of EDUCATION. An educated person
“knows”, “can explain” and “can apply” the concepts and the techniques.
Emphasis is placed on concept building (through debates, discussion sessions,
activities) and technique developing (smart approaches to problem solving). Attempts of patchwork from foreign curricula have
failed many times, because they do not take into account of the complete
picture. It is, therefore, mandatory to
prepare an integrated curriculum. The
curriculum needs
to be prepared in the following stages:
|
a) |
Outline preparation (to link with knowledge obtained
in other disciplines and a systematic planning of gradual building-up of
concepts and problem-solving skills, the chart contains the level, the
concept, the activity/the experiment to reinforce this concept, the reference
and the philosophy behind teaching this concept) |
|
b) |
Textbook, workbook and lab manual preparation |
|
c) |
Video lecture and demonstration series |
|
d) |
Interactive software series |
|
e) |
Testing and evaluation |
The curriculum spanning over the entire school period (KG - Intermediate
Level) is divided into three disciplines: Sciences, Liberal Arts, Health and
Growth. Equal emphasis is given to moral upbringing, intellectual upbringing
and physical upbringing. Yearly updated textbooks/workbooks coupled with the
latest teaching and evaluation techniques promise to make the students
“Muslims” to be able to tackle the challenges of this Information Age.
Teachers'-training programs and parents'-education programs reinforcing the
concepts and elaborating the pedagogical skills must accompany the curriculum
outline. Evaluation and appraisal of this
system is based on specially-designed developmental examinations of the
child, written examinations, projects, quizzes, parental comments, teachers'
suggestions and expert review of videotaped lessons. The curriculum must prepare
the students to enter BS programs of top-ranking universities of the world, for
example, Cambridge, Harvard, MIT, by being properly interfaced
with the university curricula. Abstract PDF Paper PDF
2008
C72: The Multi-Stage Lambert Scheme
for Steering a Satellite-Launch Vehicle (SLV)
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, Proceedings of the
Twelfth IEEE International Multitopic Conference (IEEE INMIC 2008), Edited
by Anis MK, Khan MK, Zaidi SJH, Bahria
University, Karachi, Pakistan, 2008, pp 294-300 (invited paper)
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The determination of an orbit, having a specified transfer time
(time-of-flight) and connecting two position vectors, frequently referred to as
the Lambert problem, is fundamental in astrodynamics. Of the many techni-ques
existing for solving this two-body, two-point, time-constrained orbital
boundary-value problem, Gauss' and Lagrange's methods were combined to obtain
an elegant algorithm based on Battin's work. This algorithm included detection
of cross-range error. A variable TYPE, introduced in the
transfer-time equation, was flipped, to gene-rate the inverse-Lambert
scheme. In this paper,
an innovative adaptive scheme was presented, which was called “the
Multi-Stage-Lambert Scheme”. This scheme proposed a design of autopilot, which
achieved the pre-decided destination position and velocity vectors for a
multi-stage rocket, when each stage was detached from the main vehicle after it
burned out, completely. Paper
PDF
C71: Role of Mathematics in the Sports Sciences and Technologies
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, the Thirty-Fifth All
Pakistan Science Conference, University of Karachi,
Karachi, Pakistan, 2008, abstract # 72
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With the competitive and the commercial nature of sports, as a means to promote
international coöperation, collaboration and manage conflicts, the nations,
having superiority in sciences and technologies, are investing in sports and
health sciences and technologies. Mathematics plays a vital role in developing
and improving sports activities. This paper discussed 3 areas of application (sports
medicine, kinesiology and sports-performance analysis), for
which the infrastructure, the facilities and the human resources are available
at University of Kara-chi, and students are engaged in graduate course work and
research. In the area of sports medicine, our group has developed
indigenous instruments and methods for measurement of height, weight,
mid-upper-arm circum-ference and shoulder width, employing ideas from
mathematics, physics and civil engineering, with mathematical and statistical
models for reliability of data. To test these instruments and techniques, our
team collected data on over 2500
children between the ages of 5-11 years. Our height-measurement
system was adapted by Tawana Pakistan team. Using techniques of numerical
analysis, methods were developed to generate detailed growth profile of an
athletic child, indicating stunting and wasting/obesity as well as a prediction
of adult height and weight, which became very important, when one selected
athletes to train them as basketball players, wrestlers or gymnasts. Skeletal examination of
school athlete, with a focus on detection of trunk deformities, in
particular scoliosis, must be mandatory in the age range 9-11 years. In the
Syed Firdous Growth and Imaging Laboratory a light-weight, full body moiré
fringe topography, developed locally, is being used to screen for trunk
deformities (scoliosis, kyphosis and lordosis). The author has
developed methods to determine Cobb angle from measurements
performed on moiré topographs (and its generalization in 3-D, the Asr Angle). Heart size and
condition were determined, without expensive monitoring equipment, using geometric model of heart put forward by author in
2002. In the area of kinesiology, moiré fringe topography and
rasterstereography are used to study postures and gaits of athletes. Moiré
fringe topography and rasterstereography are (non-contact and non-invasive)
stereophotogrammteric techniques, which provide 3-D information in terms of
height and curvature maps of the study surface. These techniques do not involve ionizing
radiations, e.g., X rays, posing no risk to althletes. In the context of
3-D-static model of the human spinal column (put forward by author in 1982, complete version published in 1996),
profile of spinal column in three dimensions was generated by moiré photograph
of back. A simultaneous recording from moiré and raster
gave height and curvature maps of spinal column (thus generating 3-D profile of
spinal column) in each phase of human gait (technique developed in 1996). A 3-D-dynamic model related spinal column in
each phase to the next through edge-based algorithm. Edge-based moiré and edge-based
raster allowed study of changes in height and curvature maps of
human back during a gait cycle. In the area of sports-performance analysis,
unwanted motion in the sagittal plane by a gymnast performing on vault may be
monitored using edge-based moiré. There is a need for planning and implementing
dynamical and robust Sports Sciences and Technologies Programs in
national universities and sports-training institutions, in place of the
traditional Departments of Health and Physical Education. This is the
only way for Pakistan to regain glory in hockey and cricket and follow a path
leading to excellence in other events, e. g., gymnastics and swimming. Abstract PDF
C70: From Mathematics to Technology: A Bridge through Physics and
Engineering
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, the International Conference
on Physics and the World of Today, Department of Physics, University of Karachi,
Karachi, Pakistan, 2008, p 32 (invited paper)
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The deaf and the dumb equations of mathematics are made to speak through
physics, which is the formulation of general laws applying,
mainly, inductive logic. Engineering is modeling from the general laws to
create practical systems. Technology is the implementation and the
adaptation of a laboratory model to create a working system, which could be
mass-produced. The journey from mathematics to technology could
be considered as a journey from the abstract to the concrete, mathematics
being in books, in the minds of philosophers, physics making contact
with outside world, technology becoming the stage, where one enjoys the
blessings. The training of mathematicians and physicists should inculcate creative thinking and
make them capable to critically analyze problems, taking them
from various stages of concept building to equip them with problem-solving
skills. Problem solving in the
classroom should prepare them to problem solving in the
laboratories, and, eventually, problem solving in the
industry. This paper illustrates how simple activities, like
measurement of height and determination of safe-viewing distance for watching
television could reinforce concepts and techniques from various disciplines,
including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, health and
safety. Mathematics curricula should give students the practical skills needed
by a prospective employer. The paper describes the behavior-based interview format for teachers in
mathematics, elaborating technical and performance skills needed for
these jobs and examines if the recently-prepared mathematics curricula for BS, MS and PhD by Higher Education Commission, Government of Pakistan
are preparing students in this regard and whether they are, properly, interfaced
with pre-university curricula. Abstract PDF Paper PDF
C69: Role of Moiré Fringe Topography and
Rasterstereography in the Management of Back Pain
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, the
First National Conference on Headache and Back Pain, Session III, Karachi,
Pakistan, 2008
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|
|
|
|
|
Fig. 1. Study of human back using moiré fringe topography (Photo
Credit: Shakeel Ahmed Ansari) |
|
Fig. 2. Study of human shoulder using rastersterography (Photo
Credit: Majeed Ahmed Khan) |
Back pain causes reduction in the quality and the quantity of work done by an
employee, a housewife or a student. There is a need for non-contact and
non-invasive techniques for monitoring causes of back pain, so that efficient
and effective management strategies could be initiated. Moiré fringe topography
and rasterstereo-graphy are photogrammteric techniques, which provide 3-D
information in terms of height and curvature maps of the study surface (Figures
1 and 2), the human back in case
of back pain, the human shoulder in case of frozen shoulder, etc. These
techniques do not involve ionizing radiations, e.g., X rays, and, hence,
ideal for monitoring spinal curvatures in children. The author developed
methods to determine Cobb angle from measurements
per-formed on moiré topographs (and its generalization in 3-D, the Asr Angle). In the context of 3-D-static model of the
human spinal column (put forward by author in 1982, complete version published in 1996),
profile of spinal column in three dimensions was generated by moiré photograph
of back, used to study posture, providing insight into the anatomical basis of
back pain. A simultaneous recording
from moiré and raster gave height and curvature maps of spinal column (thus
generating 3-D profile of spinal column) in each phase of human gait (developed
in 1996). A 3-D-dynamic model related spinal column in
each phase to the next through edge-based algorithm. Edge-based moiré and edge-based
raster allowed study of changes in height and curvature maps of
human back during a gait cycle, thus providing clues to
the physiological basis of back pain. Abstract PDF
C68: Pattern Recognition using Moiré Fringe Topography and
Rasterstereography
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, Proceedings of the International
Symposium on Biometrics and Security Technologies (IEEE ISBAST 2008),
Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2008, pp 1-7 (invited paper)
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Moiré fringe topography and rasterstereography are 3-D optical imaging
techniques, which provide height and curvature maps of the subject or the
object under study. These are non-contact and non-invasive techniques, which
project moiré and raster grids on the body. The distorted grids contain height
and curvature information, which may be recovered using image-processing
algorithms. These techniques are being applied to face recogni-tion. The
information may be stored in the database and not easily accessible to ordinary
citizen. Hence, the chances of fake pictures or fabricated patterns are
minimized. Techniques are developed to project, simulta-neously,
moiré and raster grids and analyze height and curvature information, separately,
using selective optical
filtering, which could be used to record height and curvature patterns during a
certain action, e. g., uttering a standard word. Edge-based algorithms,
combined with moiré contours and raster patterns, allow study of face movements
through changing height and curvature maps. A multi-level screening of suspects using these
technologies is proposed. Paper
PDF
2006
C67: Incorporatng Cross-Range Error in the Lambert Scheme
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, Proceedings of the Tenth National Aeronautical Conference,
Edited by Sheikh SR, Khan AM, College of Aeronautical Engineering, Pakistan Air
Force Academy, Risalpur, NWFP, Pakistan, 2006, pp 255-263
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The
determination of an orbit, having a specified transfer time (time-of-flight)
and connecting two position vec-tors, frequently referred to as the Lambert
problem, is fundamental in astrodynamics. Of the many techniques existing for
solving this two-body, two-point, time-constrained orbital boundary-value
problem, Gauss' and Lag-range's methods were combined to obtain an elegant
algorithm based on Battin's work. This algorithm included detection of
cross-range error. A variable TYPE, introduced in the
transfer-time equation, was flipped, to gene-rate the inverse-Lambert scheme.
The Lambert scheme could be useful in steering a satellite-launch vehicle (SLV)
as well as constructing the control system of a passengercraft traveling in a
ballistic trajectory. Paper
PDF
C66: The
Multi-Stage-Q system and the Inverse-Q System for Possible Application in
Satellite-Launch Vehicle (SLV)
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal
SA, Mirza A, Proceedings of the Fourth International Bhurban
Conference on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST 2005), Volume 3,
Control and Simulation, Edited by Hussain SI, Munir A, Kayani J, Samar R, Khan MA, National Center for Physics, Bhurban, NWFP,
Pakistan, 2006, pp 27-33 — Nominated by Vice Chancellor, University of Karachi
to read paper
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-
Steering a Satellite-Launch Vehicle (SLV) to strictly follow a predefined
trajectory imposes unnecessary load on the control loop, and may, possibly,
saturate servos. This may introduce a permanent error in the
vehicle-desti-nation position and velocity vectors. Consequently, payload
(satellite) would be deployed in a wrong orbit. The orbital-error correction
utilizes onboard energy, which reduces the operational life of a satellite.
Therefore, it is desirable that SLV is capable of altering its trajectory
according to the new operating conditions, in order to achieve the required
destination position and velocity vectors. In this paper, an innovative
adaptive scheme is presented, which is based on “the Multi-Stage-Q System”.
Using the control laws expressed in the
elliptic-astro-dynamical-coördinate mesh (normal-component-cross-product
steering and normal-component-dot-product steering),
this scheme proposes a design of autopilot, which achieves the pre-decided
destination position and velocity vectors for a multi-stage rocket, when each
stage is detached from the main vehicle after it burns out, completely. In “the
Inverse-Q System”, one applies extended-cross-product
steeriing to the vector sum of velocity vectors of spacecraft
and interceptor. Paper PDF
2005
C65: Vision of the Academic Community of
Science and Physics Concepts at High School
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road,
Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Ara J,
Kamal SA, Rahim T, Naseeruddin, the
International Conference on Physics for World and Society, Celebration of
World Year of Physics and the Third Annual Session of Rajasthan Physics Association,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, 2005
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This paper describes a preliminary research carried out at midpoint-study level
to assess vision of science teaching, especially, physics at matric and ‘O’
levels. Based on the findings of an earlier small-scale-interview study, a
questionnaire was prepared related to science, in particular, physics concepts.
The designed ques-tionnaire was given to a small sample consisting of 50
regular teachers involved at secondary and ‘O’-levels
teaching. Results based on the questionnaire were analyzed and some of the
implications presented.
C64: Ellipse-Orientation Steering: A
Control Law for Spacecrafts and Satellite-Launch Vehicles (SLV)
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, Space Science and Challenges of the
Twenty-First-Century, ISPA-SUPARCO Collaborative Seminar
(in connection with World Space Week), University of Karachi, Karachi, November
21, 2005 (invited paper)
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The mission design is not complete unless the trajectory calculation includes checks
for cross-range error and down-range error.
Ellipse-Orientation Steering, a control law expressed in terms of the
elliptic-astrodynamical-coördinate mesh, states conditions, which
must be satisfied for no down-range error and no cross-range error.
Mathematical proof was given and protocols for elimination of down-range and
cross-range errors described.
C63: Mathematics Research, Teaching and Community
Outreach in University of Karachi: Challenges
and Opportunities
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road,
Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal
SA, Informative Mathematical Event, Karachi Mathematical
Association and Department of Mathematics,
University of Karachi, Karachi, 2005
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This paper deals with the challenges involved and the opportunities available
for mathematics research, teaching and community outreach at University of
Karachi, the largest university in public sector. The research philosophy
consists of capitalizing on the strength of mathematics having the power of
generalization and the power of application to formulate and to propose
solutions, which enhance man’s quality of life. The pedagogical philosophy is
based on cultivating habits of creative thinking and critical analysis by
providing highly-motivated students sufficient depth as well as adequate
breadth of the core and the related subjects so that they can make informed,
independent decisions under stressful situations. The contents as well as the
pedagogical techniques constitute an effective curriculum, combined with a
system of evaluation to ascertain that learning objectives have been accomplished.
The training of a mathematician should take the incumbent from concept building
and mapping towards applying the mathematical skills through problem
formulation, analysis and suggesting viable solutions. Problems solving in the
classroom must prepare the student to handle industrial problems and,
even-tually, take up research problems. A teaching program without input from
active researchers shall become mun-dane. Exposure to cutting-edge research is
essential for the faculty and the students. The students should be trained to
capitalize on the strength of mathematics having the power of generalization
and the power of application to formulate and to propose solutions, which
enhance man's quality of life. The philosophy of commu-nity outreach is formulated
on the notion of taking into confidence the community (where work is being
done), through involvement in decision-making process, planning and
implementing various programs as well as educating society about the importance
of mathematics as a tool of the tools, having predictive power and as a branch
of knowledge, which appreciates and cultivates beauty of nature through the use
of numbers.
2004
C62: Mathematics Research and Teaching in
University of Karachi: Challenges and Opportunities
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, the Winter
Conference in Mathematics, Center for
Advanced Studies in Mathematics, LUMS (the Lahore University of Management
Sciences), Lahore, Pakistan, 2004, abstract # 24, p 18
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This paper dealt with the challenges involved and the opportunities
available for mathematics research and teaching in a public-sector setting. The
pedagogical philosophy is based on cultivating habits of creative thinking and
critical analysis by providing highly motivated students sufficient depth as
well as adequate breadth of the core and the related subjects so that they can
make informed, independent decisions under stressful situations. The contents
as well as the pedagogical techniques constitute an effective curriculum,
combined with a system of evaluation to ascertain that learning objectives have
been accomplished. The training of a mathematician should take the incumbent
from concept building and mapping towards applying the mathematical skills
through problem formulation, analysis and suggesting viable solutions. Problems
solving in the classroom must prepare the student to handle industrial problems
and, eventually, take up research problems. A teaching program without input
from active researchers shall become mundane. Exposure to cutting-edge research
is essential for the faculty and the students. The students should be trained
to capitalize on the strength of mathematics having the power of generalization
and the power of application to formulate and to propose solutions, which
enhance man's quality of life.
C61: Strong Noether’s Theorem: Applications in Astrodynamics
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, the Second
Symposium on Cosmology, Astrophysics and Relativity, Center for Advanced Mathematics and Physics, National University of
Sciences and Technologies, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 2004, p 2
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Noether’s theorem is one of the fundamental theorems relating conservation laws to
space-time symmetries. A stronger version of Noether’s theorem was given
and its applications demonstrated in handling two-body problem of planetary
motion. Two-body problem was set-up in the elliptic-astrodynamical-coördinate
mesh, and Kepler’s equation was shown to be a particular solution of the
equation of motion. This formulation yielded 3 constants of motion, instead of
the customary 2.
C60: Use of
Astrodynamical Coördinates to Study-Bounded Keplarian Motion
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal
SA, the Fifth International Pure Mathematics Conference, Quaid-é-Azam University and Pakistan
Mathematical Society, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2004 — Nominated by Vice
Chancellor, University of Karachi to
read paper
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This paper reviewed the use of elliptic-astrodynamical-coördinate mesh
to study bounded-keplarian motion. The problem reduces to one-parameter
problem, since the keplerian orbits are ellipses. Expressions for the
hamiltonian and the lagrangian were obtained.
Kepler’s equation was shown to be a particular solution of the equation
of motion in this coördinate mesh. This formulation was verified by evaluating
known expressions and a few applications were presented.
C59: Industrial and
Business Mathematics in the Third Millennium (Concluding Talk)
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road,
Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, the MIBM Grand Seminar: Industrial and Business
Mathematics in the Third Millennium,
Department
of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 2004
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This
paper reviewed mathematical problems and challenges faced by the industrial,
the business and the financial sector and how Program in Industrial and
Business Mathematics proposes to tackle them. Mathematics possesses the unique
powers of “Generalization” and ”Application”. The teaching methodology based on
concepts, mathematical structure, tools, techniques and applications was
elaborated.
C58: Mathematical Modeling of Physiological Systems
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, the
First World Conference on Twenty-First Century Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, GC University,
Lahore, Pakistan, 2004, abstract # 67, pp 19-20
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This
paper reviewed mathematical models of brain, heart, spinal column and human
growth with an emphasis on the mathematical, the physical and the computer
science concepts involved. The models of brain were based on generalized theory
of driven harmonic oscillator. Study of group structure has provided
mathematical definition of brain death. Model of heart was based on
standing-wave concept. In addition, static and dynamic models of the human
spinal column were presented. The models generate three-dimensional profile of
the human spinal column from noncontact, noninvasive, measurements obtained
from moiré contours. Moiré fringe
topography is a strereophotogrammetric technique, which gives three-dimensional
information of any curved surface. Rasterstereography gives local curvatures of
the surface. A combination of these techniques is applied to study posture and
gait of child, detect and quantify curvatures of spinal column and aid
orthopedic surgeons in operations by providing 3-D maps of bony structures to
be operated. A model of child growth was described, which included a method to
generate detailed growth profile of a child on the basis of records of height
and weight of child, six-month apart as well as heights and weights of
biological father and biological mother. Problems and challenges, which could
be taken up by twenty-first-century mathematicians, were also discussed.
2003
C57: The Training of a Physicist: From Concept Building to
Problem-Solving Skills
(Concluding Talk + Recommendations of the Conference)
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road,
Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, the Second International Conference on Physics
Education, Department of
Physics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 2003
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Physics teaching in Pakistani institutions does not produce physicists capable
of bringing out new concepts. Neither, they are trained in problem-solving
skills. This paper focused on the factors contributing to this state of
affairs. Further, it proposed strategies to reverse the situation. Paper
PDF
C56: Incompleteness of
Cross-Product Steering and a Mathematical Formulation of Extended-Cross-Product
Steering
Work done at:
UNIVERSITY
OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, Proceedings of
the First International Bhurban Conference
on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST 2002), Volume 1, Advanced
Materials, Computational Fluid Dynamics and Control Engineering, Edited by Hoorani HR, Munir A, Samar R, Zahir S,
National Center for Physics, Bhurban, NWFP, Pakistan, 2003, pp 167-177
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Cross-product
steering, as presented by Battin, is incomplete and cannot achieve the desired
results. A further condition on the magnitude of rate of change of velocity is
needed to bring the spacecraft in the desired orbit. The new control law is
named as "Extended-Cross-Product Steering", which incorporates this
additional condition. Mathematical representation using the
elliptic-astrodynamical-coördinate mesh was presented. Paper
PDF
C55: Dot-Product Steering: a New Control Law for
Spacecrafts and Satellites
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, Proceedings of the First International Bhurban Conference on
Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST 2002), Volume 1, Advanced
Materials, Computational Fluid Dynamics and Control Engineering, Edited by Hoorani HR, Munir A, Samar R, Zahir S,
National Center for Physics, Bhurban, NWFP, Pakistan, 2003, pp 178-184
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A
control law is formulated, which employs dot-products of velocity and its rate
of change. Mathematical representation using the
elliptic-astrodynamical-coördinate mesh was presented. Paper
PDF
2002
C54: The Early-Childhood-Integrated-Developmental Examination
(ECIDE) for 3-8 Years Old Children
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road,
Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA
, the Aga
Khan University National Sciences Research Symposium: Early Childhood Care and
Development, Karachi, 2002, abstract # 17, p 32 (poster presentation)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Objective:
To study the developmental milestones achieved
during early childhood.
Methods: ECIDE
incorporates observation of child's behavior under standardized conditions,
with separate
ratings for MAQ (mental ability quotient) and MCQ (motor coördination
quotient). Child is scored on (a) behavior, (b) grooming, (c) response to
undressing, (d) interest in testing material and surroundings, (e) orientation
in space and in time, (f) degree and duration of concentration, (g)
distractibility, (h) compliance, (i) fearfulness with apparatus and people, (j)
movements, (k) speech, (l) irritability, (m) activity level and (n) ability to
interact with peers. Selected segments are given to the NGDS Pilot Project
participants, comprising of over 1000 healthy 3-8 years old boys and girls,
representing a national sample.
Results: Pakistani children, in general, excel in mental ability as
compared to their western counterparts. However, their motor coördination, in
particular, gait needs to be improved.
Recommendations/Conclusions:
ECIDE needs to be developed further with a structured, formal-ordered
performance routine based on influence and precedence graphs. Once developed
fully and baseline scores established, the test may be useful in evaluating the
effectiveness of various teaching and child-upbringing approaches. On a
cellular level, the test may provide one of many tools to map synaptic
connections formed during a learning process.
C53: The NGDS Pilot Project: Aiming at the Future of Pakistan
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF
KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, Firdous S, Alam SJ, the Aga Khan University National Sciences Research Symposium:
EarlyChildhood Care and Development, Karachi, 2002, abstract # 13, p
26 (presentation CD compiled by the
organizers)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Objective: To pinpoint cases of
stunting and wasting in early childhood by obtaining a detailed growth profile
of a child.
Methods: The NGDS (National Growth and
Developmental Standards for the Pakistani Children) Pilot Project is being
successfully implemented since 1998, to collect data on children, representing
a national sample, in a better-than-average health. Standing and sitting
heights, shoulder widths and mid-upper-arm-circumferences are measured on over
2000 healthy children. A software is developed, which takes as input heights
and weights of biological father and biological mother, as well as those of
child at 2 successive occasions, 6 months apart. The output is a detailed
growth profile indicating stunting and wasting (if present), optimal and actual
biomass indices, height velocities and rates of weight gain (or loss).
Results: Growth profiles of children in descriptive, tabular, graphical
and bar-chart form are to be presented.
Recommendations/Conclusions:
There should be a "National Anthropometry Center", which
should receive and process data from sub centers located in each
"tehsil"/town. By law, the parents be required to register all live
births to these sub centers. All children must receive head-to-toe examination
every 6 months including anthropometry during the early childhood years. A
healthy child would become a healthy parent, thereby minimizing
malnutrition-related diseases. Only a
well-nourished child can take up the challenges of leadership.
C52: The NGDS Pilot Project: A Software to Analyze Growth of a Child (A
Telemedicine Perspective)
Work
done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal
SA,
Alam SJ, Firdous S, the
National Telemedicine Conference Pakistan 2002, Technology Resource Mobilization Unit (TReMU), Ministry of Science
and Technology, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2002, p 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aims
and Objectives: 1) To establish Pakistan-based
anthropometrical-data library and growth charts.
2) To write softwares, which generate growth profile of a child.
3) To develop inexpensive anthropometry instruments from local resources.
Material
& Methods:
Protocols were designed after taking into account North American and European
ethical and human-rights standards, employing opt-in policy. Standing and
sitting heights, shoulder widths, weights and mid-upper-arm circumferences are
measured on over 2000 healthy children.
Software
Developed Indigenously: A software was developed at the University
of Karachi using Microsoft Visual Studio, Version 6.0, which takes as input
heights and weights of biological father and biological mother, and those of
child at 2 successive occasions, 6 months apart. The output is a detailed
growth profile indicating stunting (if present), overweight/underweight
1conditions, height velocity (comparison with reference height velocity) and
rate of weight gain/loss (comparison with reference weight gain). This software
is to be made accessible electronically for remote processing of data.
Instrumentation
Developed Indigenously: Inexpensive instruments for height
measurement as well as moiré frame for 3-D anthropometry, somatotyping and
screening of trunk deformities was developed from local resources.
Results:
Detailed growth analysis of a child using software developed by the NGDS Team
was presented.
Recommendations:
Failure to grow may be the first indication of a major underlying problem. The
NGDS Team recommended growth monitoring and analysis of all 4-10-year old
children using this software. Paper PDF
C51: A
Precedence Graph for the Physical Examination of Children
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, Alam SJ, Firdous S, the
National Telemedicine Conference Pakistan 2002, Technology Resource
Mobilization Unit (TReMU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan,
Islamabad, Pakistan, 2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In
the field of pediatrics, physical examination is the most important part of any
intervention. Some checks must be performed before the others. Otherwise, an undiscovered condition may
affect adversely on a patient's health. Everyone knows that an examination of
the resting heart must be performed before treadmill testing. Similarly, hernia
check must precede cardiac
function testing in the squatting position. "Precedence Graphs" were
presented showing the procedures, which must precede the others. Some of the
procedures can be performed concurrently. For example, cardiac function in the
standing position, and check for undescended testicles could be performed concurrently. Examples were
brought up where "Concurrent Processing" was allowed in the physical
examination of children. This software might be a useful training tool for the
students and the residents, alike.
C50: An Influence Graph for the Physical Examination
of Children
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal SA, Alam SJ, Firdous
S, the Aga Khan University PGME
Conference: Complexity Science and Health Care, Karachi, 2002 (poster
presentation)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In
pediatrics, physical examination is the basis to start any intervention.
However, some procedures influence certain portions of the
examination. For example, running can influence blood pressure and heart rate.
"Influence Graphs" were presented showing various procedures
influenced by others. Protocols of physical examination need to be designed in
such a way that interacting procedures are performed in a laid-down sequence,
or during separate sessions. This software might be a useful training tool for
students and residents.
C49: The NGDS Pilot
Project: Dealing with a Complex System
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270,
Pakistan
Kamal SA, Firdous S, Alam SJ, the Aga Khan University PGME Conference 2002: Complexity Science and
Health Care, Karachi, 2002 (poster presentation)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The NGDS
(National Growth and Developmental Standards for the Pakistani children) Pilot
Project was initiated in 1998 under the directives of Governor
Sindh/Chancellor, University of Karachi. Anthropometrical data (standing
height, sitting height, weight, mid-upper-arm circumference, shoulder width)
have been collected in 4-11 years old children studying in institutions run by
the Armed Forces of Pakistan. In addition, the children were screened for
anemia, cardiac problems and presence of spinal curvatures. Their posture and
gait has also been observed. Those showing signs of trunk deformities,
especially scoliosis, are asked to come for a moiré examination. Organization
of the NGDS Pilot Project necessitated dealing with a complex system:
University of Karachi, Government of Sindh, the Armed Forces of Pakistan, the
institutional administration, the institutional health team, families and
teachers. Efforts were made to communicate with each at the proper level,
making the project relevant to the particular needs of that body/individual.
Information regarding educational background and profession of parents was used
to devise communication strategies.
C48: The NGDS Pilot Project: Anthropometry of
Pakistani Children
Work done at: UNIVERSITY
OF KARACHI, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal
SA, Firdous S, the
Sixteenth International Biennial Conference of Pakistan Pediatric Association,
Karachi, 2002, abstract # PO-26, p 127 (poster presentation)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The NGDS (National Growth and Developmental Standards for the Pakistani
Children) Pilot Project aims to establish a national anthropometrical-data
library of Pakistani children. Over 2000 healthy children studying in
representative institutions run by the Armed Forces of Pakistan are measured
using inexpensive anthropometric instruments developed from local resources.
Accuracy and precision of these instruments are comparable to those purchased
in international market. The measurements obtained were standing and sitting heights, shoulder
widths, weights and mid-upper-arm circumferences on over 2000 healthy children.
Benefits and Usefulness:
1) Health education and awareness
2) Regular monitoring of height and weight
3) Screening for growth retardation, trunk deformities, poor posture and gait
4) Training of school doctors and physical-education instructors
C47: The NGDS Pilot Project: Modeling Growth of
Pakistani Children
Work done at: UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI,
University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Kamal
SA, Firdous
S, the Sixteenth International Biennial
Conference of Pakistan Pediatric Association, Karachi, 2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The NGDS Pilot Project was initiated in 1998 under the directives of Governor
Sindh/Chancellor, University of Karachi. It is a goodwill, public-service
endeavor, conducted free of charge for the care and the development of young
persons to prepare them mentally, physically and emotionally for rewarding
careers in the civil and the military services. Growth of Pakistani children is
modeled keeping in view the ICP model of human growth, put forward by Johan
Karlberg. According to this model, height gain is continuous, but not smooth. Phase
transitions from "infancy to childhood" and "childhood to
puberty" are accompanied by abrupt changes in height velocity. There are 3
periods of rapid growth: (a) after conception, (b) start of
“childhood curve”, (c) start of “puberty curve” Children suffering from
severe disease (e. g., diarrhea) during the weaning period may continue
on the infancy curve a little longer, before picking up the childhood curve
and, hence, end up shorter.
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